PRESENCE OF PHYTOLITHS IN COMERCIAL SUGARCANE CULTIVARS IN CUBA
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Abstract
Phytoliths are microscopic structures of amorphous silica (SiO2) produced within and between plant cells. These structures participate in supporting tissues, sequestering heavy metals, reducing water and salt stress, among others. The release of phytoliths from plant tissue has not allowed us to know what epidermal structures these associates are with, which could be related to their functionality in physical defense against foliar diseases. The work was carried out with the objective of identifying phytoliths, hairs and stingers in cultivars with differential behavior against brown rust. The study was carried out in areas of the INICA-Mayabeque Basic Business Unit. The epidermis was detached with 65% nitric acid + heat. They were observed for 10 fields per crop. The dumbbell phytolith occurs in greater numbers in the intravenal part of the abaxial epidermis of sugarcane leaves, interspersed with hairs and stingers. The cultivars C86-56, C1051-73 and C86-12 previously evaluated as resistant to brown rust provided the highest numbers of phytoliths (in the shape of a dumbbell), significantly differentiating themselves from the C323-68 cultivar evaluated as highly susceptible. It is recommended evaluate the rootstocks recognized as resistant and susceptible to brown rust with the purpose of obtaining a method for diagnosing resistance to this disease through anatomical studies
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