EVALUATION OF BROWN RUST AND SMUT DISEASES IN THE MAIN VARIETIES OF SUGAR CANE IN CAMAGÜEY.
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Abstract
To evaluate the response to brown rust and smut diseases, 12 commercial sugarcane cultivars were evaluated in Camagüey, Cuba, during the 2021-2023 period. The cultivars were artificially inoculated by immersion in a suspension of 5 x 106 smut teliospores ml-1 of water, and for rust, an infection background provided by cultivar B4362 was used. Patterns of known and stable reaction to these pathologies were used, considered as controls. The variables analyzed for brown rust were: number of lesions per cm2, average and longest length of lesions, as well as the percentage of severity. For smut: number of affected stems and percentages of affectation and severity. Evaluations were carried out at three and five months of age in the plant cycle for rust, and for smut, on the plant and first ratoon, starting at two months of age and monthly. A regression line was adjusted with the rates of involvement of the standards in order to delineate the environmental effect and obtain the reaction of the cultivars assuming optimal conditions for the development of both diseases. Analysis of variance and cluster analysis were performed to define the differences between cultivars and their response to the diseases. The majority of cultivars showed acceptable responses to the diseases studied. C86-156 showed damage to both diseases, while C87-51 and C1051-73 showed susceptibility to smut.
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